Emulsifying apparatus.



H. N; BMWNBR', Jn; EHULBIPYING APPARATUS. APPLIOATIDI FILED IALSI, 1911. I 1,002, 1 27. Patented Aug, 29, `1911.

n which contain fat globules,

to provide means for holding several mem-y y 30 tion, and Fig.

159'10 is mounted upon' the upper v plunger for forcing the plunger against ,the

yably made ,the "formV of `a hexagon,

' HENnYlN. BBAWNEB., Jn., or WASHINGTON, ms'rnrc'r or comunita EMULSIEYING arraliavriis.g`

To all 'who'mfit may concern:

Beit known that I, HENRY BRAWNER,

Jr., awcitizen of the United States, `residing i at Washington, in theDistrict of Columbia, 5 haveinvented certainl new and useful Improvements in Emulsifying Apparatus, of

which the fllowing is a specification. 4.

-My invention relates to an emulsifying apparatus for liquids, such as milk or cream, and its object is bers tightly together, between which milk or cream under pressure is caused to' be `forced or squeezed, the milk or cream being `lforced between the members under great the "condition of such milkor cream, as-iwell asbreak `up the fatglobules or cells to'such an extent as toiliomogenizethe product and prevent the rising ofthe fatty constituents to the top of` a body of the liquid.

ff The invention further consists incertain1 novelfeatures of construction and combinag l The `ob]ect of this well isto presenttwo flat tions of parts which will be hereinafter 'fully describedlandf pointed out in the claims.

Infthe accompanying drawings, Figure 1y is al vertical sectional view Vof the apparatus showing the invention appliedy thereto.; Fig.

2 is a view'in side elevation ofthepinven-` 3 isa top plan viewvof the in-k vention and showing the barrel of the apparatus in dottedlines.`

v A representsthebarrel or casing of the p y, y

"suppliedto the barrel.` As' the milkorcream '.apparatus, and yl represents the pumps, the pumps delivering the liquidto `the barrel through a passage or conduit-2i which is formed` in thebarrel. and leadingv to the verticalbore "3 of thebarrel. Abushing is removably secured within the lower end 4of `10 the bore ofthevbarreli'lhe bushing has a bore l 5w throughfwhich the ".emulsiliedor homogenized liquidis discharged. Mount- "lug 6, Iandniounted upon the plug 'is a fiskor washer 7.' A support 8 is mounted upon the barrel or casing, and aplunger 9 has screw-threaded engagementl therewith, one end ofthe plunger engaging surfaceofthe washer or disk 7. v Afwlieel washer 7 `for compressing the'washer against the plug 6 and the f plug' against the vbush-` he plugt'faiid the Washerff( areprefttype Specification of Letters Patent Application led January 31, 1911. Serial N 1,805,742

pressure and at such a velocity` as to change ed upon the upper end of the bushingfl is a` the upper;

end of the "squeezed under great pressure,

fand otherwise 'change n ,thefliquidg On accountofthe fact that the v liquid surroundsithe plug-wandiseausedf; to :n

in ,their particular relation'l to each' other. The plug,k has its edges llgpreferablymade convex or beveled inwardly toward kthe center of the. plug yfor forming anV annular` passage entirely around thecentrlf, portion of the plug. i This annular passage is` in direct alinement with :the flowing liquid, which isdelivered from the pumpthrough the conduit .3f The liquid, -as it comes into i ratentednug, es, ioii. 1

y edges 1l yof the washer and" lu e i the bore `of the barrel vA for'pho diiliigga t 'iigi` 'the boreP of thebarrel A, `Willsurround the plug, 4and as itis under pressure (from lifteen hundred to two thousand'pounds) it iev/illn be caused to travel upwardly. and down-` wardly "alongthe plug over the fiat` Surfaces of the plug, and as the ,liquidfisxunder great pressure, it will bev caused to pass between `the plug andthe bushingA 4 and the ,washer 7, and vbe `dischargedthroughJ the f bore 12.- of

the plug and the bore 5 of the bushing. At each end of'y the plug, a` circumferential move-13 `is formed ywhich acts as afwell.

surfaces over which thefliquid must` `pass `before reaching they bore ofthe plug. `The upper endof the-bushings, and both ends of theplug', aswell asy the faces of the rwasher 7, are ground smooth', so xthat when' `the liquid isforced intojthe barrel, it will travel along the plug andbe forcedbetvveen 'ressure under which thek milky oricre'amf is passes overethe first edge `14' ofthefbarrel,y it (will be deposited into lthe'well or circum` plug, bushing and` washer,fdue to` thegreaty ferential; groove 13` at, each end ofthe plug,

vand will thence pass overthe second edge, ori

annular surface l5 of thefplug, and thence through the bore `ofthe `plug andbushing.

"The milk or cream` softreated willv be in such emulsilied or homogenized .or ychanged con-vv dition that it willnot curdlein coffee, -the reason for this being' ythat the ,fat-f globules `i or cellshave been completely brokenup' and `otherwise "changed, due toilthe `heavy comioo i pression which `is brought `towbe'afri `upon-` the "j plug, bushing vand .washerpand,between which .members the liquid is :,forced or and at av high `lvelocity. The liquid iscausedfto impinge i uponl ythe 'surface of the members which, ywill cause thel disintegration of 5 the fat globules the: constituency` of Y 30 phg, forming. an emulsified or homogenized ybushing and washer.

pass across the entire annular surface of the plug to the bore of the Iplug, the liquid, as 1t passes over the annu ar surfacel 15,.w1ll all be brought together as the liquid passes into the bores of the plug and bushing, and as the li uid entersthe bores, an impact will be causegl as the liquid again comes into a, solid bod ,i whereby the fat cells will be broken, i any remain after having passed over the annular surfaces 14 and 15 of the ends of the plug, and the flat surfaces of the Devices have been provided 1n an attempt to produce this result, but so far as I am aware, they have not been satisfactory, nor can they meet the requirey ments.

` circumferential `A device has been produced by one Willmann in which is provided a. pluralit of disks which are provided on their sur aces with circumferential grooves and radial ooves, certain of the radial grooves lead-f ing from the outer edges of the disks to the rooves, and then other radial grooves lea ing from the circumferential grooves to the bore of thedisk, the'two sets of grooves being out of alinement. lI have ex erimented with this form of invention, liut have found it unsatisfactory for the reasonthat the milk or cream which is forced between these disks requires a pressure of from 4,000 to 6,000 the emulsified product 1s discharged from the apparatus, `1t is not `m the proper condition which it should be when. properly treated. The milk or'cream, when used in coffee, will curdle. This should not be the case,. and I have found from experiments with the invention, as above descrlbed, that I can produce the desired results by forcing orV squeezing the milk or cream between a y plu bushin and `washer by providing the He relies upon the impact for breaking sur aces oft ese parts smooth, and without thereon. This from the annular edges'of these members into the bores of the plug and bushing, and

thereby does away with the minute streams which are discharged in the iVillmann idei. t e fat globules, which impact is create rby the minute s treamscomlng in contactwith v the surface of the circumferential groove,

ing or forcin and when the streamscome together at the bore of the disks. With my invention, the fat globules or cells are broken by the squeezof the-milk or cream ibetween flat sur aces, and the impact of the milk as it passes over the dat surfaces com,- mingles in the bores of the'bushing and r et.r The pressure which is brou ht to ar upon theplu washer and bushlng is regulated by the p ungery 9. As these members are com ressed, a greater pressure is obtained by t e milk or cream in forcing or ounds; and when Ynocaut? squeezing it through or between these mem-l bers, butin obtaining the best results with my invention, I -have only been required to use from 1,500 to 2,000 pounds pressure, which is naturally a great saving in the power required for operating the apparatus.

From the foregoing, lit will be seen that the liquid is caused to pass between the.

suitable receptacle.

Havin fully described my invention, what I ciim' as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. An cmulsifying or homogenizing apparatus comprising a barrel having ano enmg for the admission of liquid to the ore thereof, a hollow" plug mounted in the bore of the barrel, means enfraging the ends of the plug and coniningthe plug within the barrel under pressure, said plug having the ends thereof smooth, and passages formed on the body ofthe plu liquid to the ends vof t squeezed between the ends of the plug and the lneans confining the plug wlthin the barrel.

2. An emnlsifying or homogenizing apparatus comprising a barrel having an vopening for the admission of liquid to the .bore thereof, a hollow plug mounted in the bore of the barrel, means engaging the ends of the plug and confining the plug within the barrel under pressure, said passages formed on the bod of the lug or conducting the liquid to t e ends o? the plug where it is squeezed between the ends of the plug and the means confining the plug within the barrel.

3.'An emulsifying on homogenizing appeassed over the flat sur-A for conducting the e plug where it is plug having paratus comprising a barrel having a passage for conducting a flowing body of liquid thereto, and having a bore in connection therewithz `a hollow plug mounted in the bore havmg the ends thereof Smooth, a washer having smooth surfaces mounted upon an endof the plug, means for Acompressing the plug within the barrel, whereby the liquid will be forced or squeezed between the plug and washer to the bore of the plug.

4. An emulsifying or homogenizing apparatus com rismg a' barrel, a passage for conducting lt 1e flowing liquid and having a. bore communicating therewith, a hollow plug mounted in the bore of the barrel havmg a well formed in eachend thereof, and

Lebens? means for engaging the ends of the plu sage for con 'barrel under for securely hol ng the plug in the barre for causing the' l'iquid to be squeezed between the ends of the plug and the means for holding the lug kjin 'the barrel, and whereby theliquitfpassin over the ends of the plug will en age two at surfaces of the plug at each eng.

5. An emulsifyingv or homogenizing apparatus comprising a barrel havinga pasucting the flowing liquld, and having a bore communicating with the as- Sage, a hollow plug received within the re of the barrel, means engagin an end of the plug for supporting it wit in the barrel, and means engaging the other end of the barrel for confining the plug within the ressure for causmg the' liquid to be squeezed) between the ends of the plug and the supporting and confining means.

6. An emulsifying or homogenizing apparatus comprising a barrel having a bore therein, and a passage leadin to the bore for conducting the flowing iquid to the bore, a hollow lug received within the bore of the barrel) having a well formed at each end thereof, means for supporting the plug in the well, a washer lmounted upon the other end of the barrel, and means engaging the uppermost surface of the washer for compressing the plug and washer bei tween said supporting means and com- 'pressing means to ,cause the liquid to be squeezed between the supporting means and p ug, and between the lug, washer and compressing means, saidp p ug presenting two surfaces at each end to be .engaged by tle liquid passing over the ends of the 7. An emulsifying or homogenizing apparatus, comprismg a casing having a passage therethrough for the admission of the liquid to be treated, a device interposed in said passage, said device having two sepa- `rated smooth surfaces, and pressure exerting `means engaging and closing over said smooth surfaces, between which smooth surfaces and said pressure means, the ma` terial to be treated is forced on its way through the passage. Y

8. An emulsif ing or homogenizing apparatus, comprising a barrel having a passage therethrough for the admission ofthe liquid to be treated, a device located in the passage having two 'separa-ted smooth surv aces at one end, and ressure exerting means engaging and c osing over said smooth surfaces, between which smooth surfaces and means, the material to be treated is forced on Vits way through the passage.

In testimony whereof I alix my signature, in the vpresence of two witnesses.

" HENRY N. BRAWNER, Jn.

Witnesses:

STUART E. OBERLIN,

Mmmm M. F. LONG. 

